فصلنامه فرآیند و کارکرد گیاهی
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 17، پاییز 1395)

Water deficiency is an important factor for plant growth in arid environments. Foliar application of methanol in C3 plants is believed to be more important in water stress tolerance. In order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of methanol on photosynthetic features, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content of lentil under water deficit stress, a factorial experiment in completely randomized design was conducted with three replications. Methanol foliar application factor had 5 levels including control (without foliar application), 5, 15, 25 and 35 volumetric percentage (v/v). Foliar application was applied 3 times during the growing season (seedling, flowering and podding) at 10-days intervals. Water deficit factors were included severe water stress (25% of field capacity), moderate water stress (75% of field capacity) and non water stress (100% field capacity). The results of methanol and water stress interaction showed that in non water stress condition, methanol levels at the seedling, flowering and podding stage significantly enhanced in all traits except transpiration rate compared with the control level. Methanol levels at three stages significantly decreased the transpiration rate compared with the control. In modrate and severe water stress treatments at seedling stage, methanol levels had significant effect regarding photosynthetic features but at flowering and podding stages, the application of methanol except some features did not reduce the negative effects of water stress.

Mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis with plants root through effective uptake of water and nutrients can be reduced the negative effects of salinity. To evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on some morpho-physiological traits and yield of Summer savory a greenhouse factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Laboratory of Medicinal Plants, Payamenoor University of West Azerbaijan- Nagadeh, Iran, in 2013. The first factor included three salinity levels as zero (control), 75 and 150 mM. and second factor included of six mycorrhizal fungi species as Glmus versiforme, G. mosseae, G. interaradices, G. caledonium, G. clarum, Acaulospora langula and control treatment. Increasing salinity caused to significant reduction of chlorophyll a, stem length and stem diameter. The highest concentrations chlorophyll a, stem length and stem diameter were obtained from mycorrhizal plants of G. versiforme, as same as other species. The interaction between mycorrhiza and salinity on number of leaf, total dry matter, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, prolin and leaf relative water content were significant. The maximum total dry matter was observed in non-saline treatments of G. intraradices. The highest concentrations of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were belonged to plants treated by 75 mM NaCl and inoculated with G. intradices. The highest leaf relative water content (87.6 %) and prolin were respectively obtained from plants treated by G. caledonium and G. mosseae in 75 mM of NaCl. In conclusion, Mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis led to enhance morpho-physiological traits and yield of savory affected by salinity.

Since Aloe vera has special adaptations to the environmental conditions of Iran, it has industrially utilized. The more studying physiological and biochemical properties of usable tissues improves its utilizing. In this study the effects of iron nutrition on the iron concentrations in different leaf tissues and the activity of superoxide dismutase were investigated. Propagated plants from a maternal scion were treated by different concentrations of iron (0, 5, 10 and 20 µM) in two chelate forms, FeEDTA and FeEDDHA in a fully factorial complete design. The results showed no difference between the two iron chelate forms in iron concentrations in tissues. The most increasing in iron concentration was observed in leaf surface tissues by using higher concentrations of iron in medium. Total superoxide dismutase activity in different tissues was not influenced by iron concentration in medium. Study of different SOD isozymes showed a constitutive activity of MnSOD in all of tissues. The activity of FeSOD was more apparent in surface tissues but it was induced in pulp in higher concentrations of iron. In all of the used iron concentrations, the activity of Cu/ZnSOD observed in surface tissues but it was never observed in pulp. It could be suggested that pulp as the most important industrial usable tissue is not a source for accumulation of iron. The activity of SOD could be induced in pulp by increasing in iron concentration. Indeed an induction in the activity of Cu/ZnSOD in pulp could be investigated by increasing in Cu and/or Zn concentrations.

Actual yields of cumin plant harvested by farmers are at level much below attainable yield potential. Among many growth factors zinc and ferrous was recognized as one of main limiting factors of crop growth and yielding. In order to study the effects of zinc and iron foliar application on yield, yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum), with factorial experimental in completely randomize block design with three replication in applied and science college of Hashemi Nejad in Khorasan Razevi in growing season 2013-2014 was carried out. The first and second factor were four concentrations of ferrous and zinc sulphate (zero, 70, 140 and 200mg.l-1). Experimental treatments were applied in three growth stages (50 percent of vegetation, flowering and seed filling stages). Results were showed that the highest plant and number of lateral branches was obtained in non supply ferrous sulfate and 70mg.l-1 zinc sulfate. The maximum dry weight of root and weight of the seed per plant were produced in consuming 70mg.l-1 zinc sulfate with 70mg.l-1 ferrous sulfate. The seed weight had significant and positive correlation with fresh (r=0.72**) and dry weight of biomass (r=0.70**) and also with the number of seed per plant (r=0.90**). Generally, there was more obvious response in cumin plant growth to applied zinc sulphat than applied ferrous sulphate micronutrients.

This study were studied for evaluation of the effect of growth regulators type and interaction on callus induction and plant regeneration of Lippia citriodora, in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The experiment of callus induction with leaf and stem explants, were arranged as factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD). Also, experiment of regeneration performed in completely randomized design. For evaluate of callus induction, combination of 2,4-D with BAP and with NAA were applied. In regeneration study, combination of BAP with Kin and with NAA were used. The effects of these plant growth regulators on callus induction of leaf explant showed that treatment of 0 Mg-1l NAA and 2.0 Mg-1l 2,4-D showed the highest (97%) rate of callus induction. The highest percentage of callus formation were observed in stem explant at 0 Mg-1l NAA and 2.5 Mg-1l 2,4-D (97%) treatment. Callus induction on MS medium without plant growth regulator was not observed for leaf and stem explants. The highest percentage of shoot production (40%) in 1.0 Mg-1l BAP 0.05 Mg-1l Kin and highest percentage of root production (40%) with combined plant growth regulator of 1.0 Mg-1l BAP 0.05 Mg-1l NAA were observed. According to these results, in vitro culture of the Lippia citriodora can be used to fast and easy propagation of this plant.

Triacontanol (TRIA), a plant growth regulator that is effective in reducing the effects of abiotic stresses. In order to investigation the effects of interaction between arsenic and TRIA treatment on some physiological indicators of coriander the present study carried out based on a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Factors of experiment include in different concentrations TRIA (0, 5, 10 and 20 &muM) and different levels of oxidative stress induced by arsenic (150 and 300 &muM). Arsenic treatment caused a significant accumulation of hydrogen­peroxide(H2O2), a significant increasing in lipid peroxidation, increasing of proline, soluble sugars and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, GPX, APX and reduction the content of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll in leaf plant. Simultaneous Treatment of TRIA and arsenic, decreased the amount of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation , and also reduced the amount of proline and soluble sugars in the plant, while it resulted in increasing the amount of chlorophyll a, b , total chlorophyll and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the plant and these results showed the significant role of TRIA coriander plant in protection against heavy metal arsenic, which is through the activation of antioxidant enzymes.

In order to evaluate the allelopatic potential of artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) on germination, growth, lipid peroxidation and some hormones content of Cyperus rotundus rhizome were assessed in Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch (Iran). The experiments were carried out under completely randomized design with 6 treatments (0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% C. cardunculus aqueous extract as irrigation water) in 5 replications. Remarkable decreases were observed in seedling fresh weight, shoot height, α-amylase activity, Indole acetic acidand Gibberellins content of C. rotundus rhizome in line with the increase in C. cardunculus extract percentage. Lowest α-amylase activity (1.25 nmol gr rhizome min-1), Indole acetic acid (50 µg gr-1 ) and Gibberellins (95 µg gr-1) in C. rotundus rhizome obtained from 100% C. cardunculus aqueous extract. Malondialdehyde and Abscisic Acid content reached its top concentration in C. rotundus rhizome (0.92µmo-1 gr FW and 172 µg gr-1) treated with 100% C. cardunculus aqueous extract as irrigation water. This study supported the assumption argued that C. cardunculus extract inhibited the C. rotundus rhizome growth through increasing lipid peroxidation and decreased Indole acetic acid and Gibberellins content.

Urban pollution is a major environmental concern, especially in large cities in developing countries.MARKAZY province is one of the industrial provinces of the country that has the high air pollution due to Industrial structures. Study of structural and functional responses of Fraxinus excelsior to air pollutants was the objective of this research. Using data from the Environmental Protection Agency, Aluminum plant limits as Polluted area and HAFTAD GHOLLEH area at a distance of 35 km of ARAK as Clean area were selected and Leaf samples of Fraxinus excelsior harvested in both areas simultaneously and some of physiology and anatomy of Fraxinus leaves parameters were studied. The results showed that the effects of air pollution, the rate of Chlorophyll, Protein, activity of Guaiacol peroxidase, Phosphorus and Potassium elements, increased significantly. But the rate of Ion leakage, membrane lipid of Proxidation, Proline, Sodium and Sulfur elements, activity of Catalas, Super oxide Dismutase, and Water content (5% level) showed significant increase. Density of Trichome in Upper and lower leaf surface, Stomatal openness, the length of palisade cells parenchyma , and thickness of Sponge parenchyma didn’t show significant change. But the size of Trichome in both sides of leaf surface, increased significantly. The results show that the changes of plant parameters, increase plant resistance against air pollution in the region. Therefor, the cultivation of this plant can be used for the same Polluted green space areas.

In a greenhouse experiment aimed to compare drought resistance, photosystem II efficiency was evaluated using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll content of four pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) rootstocks based on a completely randomized design (CRD) as factorial with drought treatment (PEG Hoagland solution) at four levels (0, -0.5, -1 and -2 MPa) and four pistachio rootstocks(Abareqi, Badami-Rize-zarand, Qazvini and sharakhs). After three months of stress commencement, chlorophyll fluorescence and related transients (F0¡ Fv¡ Fm¡ Fv/Fm¡ Area¡ VJ¡ PI¡ Fv/F0 and RC /ABS) were measured by fluorimeter. Chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll content and total dry weight of plants were measured at the end of experiment. Results showed that chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were influenced by drought stress. The parameters of Fv¡ Fm¡ Fv/Fm and PI were decreased with increasing of drought stress level. PI, a photosynthesis efficiency index, was reduced by 90% at the highest level of drought intensity. This parameters showed the most correlation with total dry weight (R2= 0.61) so it can be used as an effective parameter to identify drought susceptible or tolerance rootstocks. Our results showed that there is a significant correlation between chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and total dry weight under drought stress. Results of the experiment revealed that sarakhs and Badami-Riz-zarand could be categorized as more drought resistant based on their higher photosynthetic capacity and dry weight as compared to Abareqi.

In many plants, glycine betaine acts as an osmotic protectant and osmolyte. But some plants, such as the tomato, are not able to synthesize and accumulate this osmolyte. This study was designed to investigate the effect of exogenous application of glycine betaine in reducing drought stress in tomato plants. Water stress in three levels (0, 3 days and 5 days without irrigation) and glycine betaine in three levels (0, 25 and 50 mM as foliar spraying) was applied. water stress in the both levels reduced the third leaf area, shoot dry weight, percent water content of the third leaf, the amount of chlorophyll, carotenoids, proteins, phenolic compounds and anthocyanins and increased lipid peroxidation, proline, reducing sugars and total ascorbate. However, application of glycine betaine in two levels, decreased lipid peroxidation, proline content and increased the amount of chlorophyll, carotenoids, reducing sugars, proteins, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and total ascorbate and thus, increased the third leaf area, shoot dry weight and percentage of third leaf water. The results of this study showed that, exogenous application of two levels of glycine betaine in tomato plants, unable to synthesize this substance, is effective in reducing the effects of drought stress and improve growth parameters under stress and non-stress conditions.

Castor is normally cultivated in marginal lands, in arid and semiarid climates in which its oil is commonly used in industry and medicine. For investigation of physiological responses in different castor ecotypes under different water deficit conditions, the field experiment was conducted in two locations of Isfahan and Shahrekord in year 2013. The experiment was carried out in split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, that included four drought stress levels of 30, 45, 60 and 75 percent moisture depletion in soil as main plot and six castor ecotypes of Esfahan, Ardesrtan, Arak, Naeen, Yazd and Ahvaz as subplot in two locations separately. The results from both experiments were analyzed by combined analysis. The measured traits included total biomass, total chlorophyll, stomata conductance, PAR absorbed by crop canopy (PAR1), absorbed radiation to total radiation and light extinction coefficient. The results showed that the highest chlorophyll is 128.6 SPAD in Yazd ecotype in Isfahan region under control and the lowest one is 25.8 SPAD in Yazd ecotype in Shahrekord under severe stress. The highest stomata conductance and light extinction coefficient are 647.5 Mmol/m2s in Ardestan and Yazd (1.03) in Shahrekord under control and the lowest ones are 53.5 Mmol/m2s in Ahvaz and 0.07 in Naein in Shahrekord region under severe stress. Under severe drought condition, absorption of photosynthetically active radiation decreased by plant canopy, stomata closed and total chlorophyll also reduced, therefore, photosynthesis rate reduced and biomass production significantly reduced compared to non-stress condition. Castor in Isfahan region produced higher biomass. While ecotypes, despite the differences in physiological responses, showed no difference in biomass.

The environmental changes by human activities lead to contamination of natural ecosystems and agricultural lands to heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), which enumerates the most important environmental pollutants. This experiment was conducted for study of cadmium and mycorrhizal symbiosis effects on growth and physiological parameters as well as cadmium accumulation in Black seed (Nigella sativa L.). The experiment was conducted as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications in green house conditions. Cadmium chloride with four different concentrations (0, 250, 750 and 2500 &muM) in absence and presence of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus intraradices were used. Seedlings in the four leave stage treated 3 times in week with CdCl2 and after 45 days were taken for measurement of morphological and physiological parameters. Results showed that cadmium lead to significant decrease of growth parameters whereas proline and reducing sugar’s contents was increased with cadmium chloride treatments. Mycorrhizal symbiosis leads to significant increase of growth parameters. In mycorrhizal plants Proline content, reducing sugar content and cadmium accumulation were significantly higher than non-mycorrhizal plants. The results showed that the cadmium translocated from root to shoot in plants colonized by symbiotic fungi was lower than non-symbiotic plants. Therefore, despite the cadmium absorption increase in mycorrhizal plants, reduced translocation rates to the shoot.

In order to investigate the effects of seed priming by plant growth regulators( salicylic acid, spermine and spermidine) on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus CV Basenti) under low temperature stress a completely randomized design was conducted at 2014. Experimental treatments include priming of okra seeds with 0.1 mM concentration of Salicylic Acid, 0.5mM of spermine and spermidine 12 hours duration, and by distillated water and none-primed seeds. Seedling were kept in greenhouse untill then seedlings subjected to low temperature stress (8 ºC temperature for 270 minutes on four consecutive days) at six-leaf growth stage. After exposing the okra seedling to low temperature stress on, some physiological and biochemical parameters such as photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrates, protein, proline, antioxidant enzyme activity, membrane integrity and chlorophyll content of leaves were measured. Result indicated that seed priming by salicylic acid and polyamines increased soluble carbohydrates vegetative, proline, antioxidant enzyme activity. Seed priming by salicylic acid and polyamines such as spermine and spermidine were enhanced memberane integrity via increase in soluble carbohydrates, proline content of leaves and antioxidant enzymes especialy catalas under low temperature stress. The greatest impact of seed priming for seedling growth under low temperature stress were obtained by priming of seeds by 0.1 mM concentration of Salicylic Acid.

Salinity is a major environmental factor limiting plant growth and crop productivity. Therefore many studies had been done to minimize the stress effects caused by salinity in agriculture and plant physiology. To access the effect of methyl jasmonate and salinity on peppermint, experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete design (CRD) with three replications. In this research, methyl jasmonate sprayed at three levels including, 0 (without spraying or control treatment), 60 and 120 μM and also salt stress applied at four levels including 1.86, 5, 7.5 and 10 dS/m. The results showed that application of methyl jasmonate increased dry weights of roots and shoots, and thereby compensate weight loss induced by salt stress. Leaf chlorophyll (a, b and total chlorophylls) contents at salinity level of 5 dS/m significantly increased compared to control then decreased at higher levels of salinity. But application of 60 µM methyl jasmonate increased leaf chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents. Proline and soluble sugars contents in plant shoots increased under salt stress. Also, the concentration of 60 µM methyl jasmonate incremented shoot soluble sugars and proline contents in compared to controls.

Manipulating cell cultures by elicitors is one of the important strategies for induction of valuable metabolites in plant biotechnology. Therefore, in this study the effect of ultrasound and salinity on growth, primary and secondary metabolite production was studied in Dunaliella salina microalgae cell culture. Cell cultures were treated with sodium chloride salt at concentrations of 2 and 3 M and ultrasound (40 kHz) for the 2.5, 5 and 10 minutes in a completely randomized design with three replications. The evaluated parameters were cell growth, total protein content, photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids), antioxidant potential, membrane lipid peroxidation, amount of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, soluble sugars, &beta-carotene and glycerol. The results showed that with increasing duration of exposure to ultrasound and salt concentration the cell growth and photosynthetic pigments were declined. In contrast, total protein, antioxidant potential, membrane lipid peroxidation, the amount of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, &beta-carotene and glycerol were increased. The highest amount of &beta-carotene was achieved in the case of individual treatment of ultrasound irradiation at 10 min, 3 M salinity and combination of the two factors, with values of 12.3, 11.9 and 14.8 mg/l, respectively. The highest content of glycerol was measured in 3 M salinity, 10 min ultrasound irradiation and combined treatment of the two factors, 11.7, 13.5 and 16.8 mg/l, respectively. It appears that ultrasound potentiated the salinity effect and induced defense responses, secondary metabolism and so increased the amount of cells &beta-carotene and glycerol.

Coumarins are regarded as a class of plant secondary metabolites of phenyl propanoid group distributed in Apiaceae family. The simple coumarin is the first compound of the class. In the present work, allelopathic potential of coumarin on Lactuca sativa cv.siahoo from physiological and biochemical aspects, was investigated. At first stage, the effects of different concentration of the compound on some growth parameters of the plant such as seed germination, radicle and gemmule growth were studied. After determination of the compound optimal concentration, the germinated seeds of lettuce were cultured in peat contained pots and then were watered with Hoagland nutrition solution enriched with 2 and 10 µg/mL of coumarin. After plant growth, the effects of coumarin on some physiological and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Our results showed that lettuce seed germination was reduced by coumarin in a dose dependent manner. At the concentration of 1mg/mL the germination was inhibited entirely. Radicle and gemmule growth, fresh and dry weight of roots and aerial parts of treated plants and SPAD chlorophyll significantly reduced by coumarin treating, as well as. However, no significant difference was recorded in chlorophyll florescence between control and coumarin treated plants. The specific activity of some antioxidant enzymes like catalase, protease and poly phenol oxidase were increased in treated plants than control, however, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase was decreased. Total protein decrease and quantitative and qualitative changes in electrophoretic pattern of aerial parts proteins were observed in treated group than control, as well as. It was concluded that coumarin as an allochemical afected lettuce of different physiological and biochemical aspects. The plant response to the stress as allochemical stress is similar to some abiotic stress such as drought or salinity.

The effects of salinity and complementary silicon on some morphological traits of canola, cv. Talaiie, an experiment was done in greenhouse. Treatments were four levels of potassium silicate (0, 1, 2 and 3mM) and four levels of chloride sodium (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 g/kg soil). In normal condition application of silicon had not a significant effect on measured traits. Salinity decreased leaf area, leaf and plant dry weight and leaf area ratio (LAR). Application of silicon to growth media enhanced mentioned traits. The highest morphological traits and biomass was found in mild salinity, 0.3 g NaCl, and all applied silicon levels. Salinity decreased LAR values which show salinity has strong effect on leaf expansion than biomass production. The highest specific leaf weight (SLW) found in highest salt level and non application of silicon. On the other hand, supplementary silicon reduced SLW in salt treatments, which show positive effects of silicon on leaf expansion. Sodium concentration increased with increasing salt levels in non-applied silicon treatments, but potassium and calcium concentrations were decreased. Application of silicon induced a reduction in sodium and potassium and calcium uptake compared to non-applied silicon treatments. The ratio of K/Na andCa/Na increased in all silicon treatments. Si concentrations in salted and normal condition were higher in silicon treated soils.

In this investigation, we studied the effect of ethrel and mevinolin on levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids, &alpha-tocopherol and pyruvate and the major cannabinoids (tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol) in Cannabis sativa at vegetative stage. In treated plant with 10 µM ethrel and mevinolin was observed an increase in chlorophyll a and b content compared to control plants. The most content of carotenoid was observed in mevinolin treated plant with 0.1 µM concentration. Ethrel could not increase carotenoid content more than carotenoid content in plant treated with mevinolin. Ethrel and Mevinolin increased &alpha-tocopherol content in comparison to control plant. In synchronic treatment of ethrel and mevinolin the most &alpha-tocopherol content was observed in 0.1 µM concentration of both treatment. Treatment with mevinolin and ethrel did not increase the amount of tetrahydrocannabinoid in cannabis plants. Only mevinolin increased cannabinoid content and usage of ethrel did not increase the amount of cannabinoid rather than plant treated with mevinolin. Special pattern was not observed in pyrovate content change in mevinolin, etherel and combined treatment. Base on our results, enhancement effect of ethrel in enhancement of plastidic terpenoids content in treated plants with mevinolin was visible in chlorophylls and &alpha-tocopherol content.

Growth analysis is a valuable and practical method on quantitative growth, development and crop production evaluation. In order to study the effects of granular humic acid and foliar application of compost tea and vermiwash on growth indices of safflower (carthamus tinctorius), an experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in agricultural research farm at Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan in 2014. Treatments included of soil application of humic acid (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 kg.ha-1) and foliar spraying of vermiwash 1:10, vermiwash 1:20, compost tea and distilled water as control. The highest LAI (1.96), CGR (26.85 gr.m-2.day-1), TDW (1232 gr.m-2), NAR (12.94 gr.m-2.day-1) and RGR (0.13 gr.gr-1.day-1) obtained by using 1500 kg.ha-1 humic acid and the lowest of them (1.29, 15.81 gr.m-2.day-1, 671 gr.m-2, 8.98 gr.m-2.day-1 and 0.108 gr.gr-1.day-1) observed in control. It is also resulted that compost tea foliar application increased LAI, CGR, TDW, NAR and RGR. Totally, humic acid application (1500 kg.ha-1) in soil along with compost tea foliar application was the best treatment for getting higher growth indices and seed yield of safflower in order to achieved sustainable agriculture.

Ajowan (Carum copticum L.) is one of the native medicinal plants that has many applications in the pharmaceutical industry and traditional medicine. Salicylic acid is a simple phenolic compound that play regulate role in many developmental processes of plants. This study has done to investigate salicylic acid effect on some of the morphological and physiological traits of three C. copticum masses in Damghan climate in 2012-2013. So, the factorial experiment has performed as complete randomized blocks with three replicates. In this study, three masses of Ajowan including Isfahan, Arak and Fariman Mashhad and salicylic acid treatment in three levels of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM/l were used. At the end of plants growing season, morph-physiological traits including plant height, height of main stem, number of umbelets and umbrella, dry weight of shoot and seed, thousand-seed weight, proline, carbohydrate and chlorophyll (a, b, total and carotenoid) content was measured. The results showed the impact of high level of salicylic acid on the majority traits of C. copticum. Also, Arak mass had the most reaction and Fariman mass had the lowest response to this treatment. Variety of Arak had the best reaction to the Damghan climate and it had the best efficiency in evaluated parameters. There is significant interactions between masses and salicylic acid levels.